Niveles de programa de inglés en educación superior – UNIAJC

Niveles de programa de inglés en educación superior

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - PRINCIPIANTE A1.1

UNIT 1	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
ITS NICE TO MEET YOU	Introducing yourself and friends; saying hello and good -bye; asking for names and phone numbers. Listening for the spelling of name. Writing a list of names and phone numbers	possesive adjectives my ,your, his,her; the verb be; affirmative statements and contractions.
UNIT 2	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ́S THIS ?	Naming objects ; asking for and giving the locations of objects. Listening for locations of objects. Writing the locations of objects.	Articles a ,an,and the ; this /these ,it /they ; plurals; yes /no and where question with be; prepositions of place: in, in front of, behind, on, next to and under .
UNIT 3	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHERE ARE YOU FROM?	and giving information about place of origin,nationality, first language, and age; describing people Listening for countries, cities and language; listening to description of people Writing questions requesting personal information.	The verb be: affirmative and negative statements yes /no question, short answer, and Wh question.
UNIT 4	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
I ́M NOT WEARING BOOTS!	Asking about and describing clothing colors; talking about the weather and season; finding the owners of objects Listening for descriptions of clothing and color. Writing questions about what people are wearing	possessive: adjectives our and their, pronouns, names, and whose; present continuous statements and yes/no questions; conjunctions and and but; placement of adjectives before nouns.
UNIT 5	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ARE YOU DOING?	Asking for and telling time; asking about and describing current activites. Listening for times of the day; listening to identify Writing times of the day “friends Across a Reading an online chat between two friends continent”	Time expressions: o ́ clock, AM, PM, noon, midnight, in the morning/afternon/evening, at 7:00 /night/midnight; present continuos WH-questions, conjuntion so.
UNIT 6	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
MY SISTER WORKS DOWNTOWN	Asking for and giving information about how people go to work or school; talking about family members; describing daily and weekly routines. Listening for activities and days of the week Writing about you and your family “What ́ s your Schedule like?” Reading about three people ́s daily schedules	Simple present statements with regular and irregular verbs; simple present yes /no and Wh-questions; time expressions early, late, every day, on sundays /weekends /weekdays .
UNI 7	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
DOES IT HAVE A VIEW	“Asking about describing house and apartament; talking about the furniture in a room. Listening to descriptions of homes; listening to people shop for furniture.Writing about your dream home “”Two Special Houses in the Southwest” “Reading about unusual homes”	“Simple present short answer: there is, there are; there ́s no, there isn ́t a, there are no, there arent any.”
UNIT 8	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT DO YOU DO ?	Asking for and giving information about work; giving opinions about jobs; describing workday routines. Listening to people describe their jobs. Writing about jobs profiles ” Reading about four unusual jobs.	Simple present Wh-questions whith do and does; placement of adjectives after be and before nouns.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - PRINCIPIANTE A1.2

UNIT 9	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
BROCCOLI IS GOOD FOR YOU.	Talking about foot likes and dislikes; giving opinion about healthy and unhealthy food; talking about foods you have and needs; describing eating habits.Listening for people ́s food preferences. Writing questions about mealtime habits.”Eating for Good Luck”: Reading about foods people eat for good luck in the new year.	Some and any; count and noncount nouns; specific and general nouns; adverbs of frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never.
UNIT 10	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
I CAN ́T ICE-SKATE VERY WELL	Talking about sport you watch and play; asking for and giving information about abilities and talents. Listening for people ́s favorite sports to watch or play; listening to people talk about their abilities. Writing questions about sport: “Race the U.S!” Reading about four unusual races in the U.S.	Simple present Wh -question; can for ability; yes/no and Wh question with can.
UNIT 11	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ?	Asking about birthday; talking about plans for the The future with be going to; yes/no and Wh-questions with be going to; evening, weekend, and other occasions. Listening for people ́s favorite sports to watch or play; listening to people talk about their abilites. Writing about weekeend plans ” What are you going to do on your birthdary”. Reading about birthday customs in different places.	future time expressions.
WHAT ́S THE MATTER ?	Describing health problems; talking about common medications; giving advice for health problems. Listening to people talk about health problems; listening for medications. Writing advice for health problems. ” 10 simple Ways to Improve your health ” Reading about ways to improve your health.	Have + noun; feel + adective; negative and positive adjectives; imperatives.
UNIT 13	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
YOU CAN ́T MISS IT.	Talking about stores and other places; asking for Listening to people talk about shopping; listening to directions. Writing directions. “A Walk Up Fifth Avenue” Reading about popular tourist attractions in New York city.	Prepositions of place: on, on the corner of, across from, next to, between; and giving directions. giving directions and short answers.
UNIT 14	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
DID YOU HAVE FUN ?	Asking for and giving information about weekend and vacation activities. Listening to people talk abouth their past summer activities. Writing about last weekeend. “Weekend Stories”: Reading about three people’s weekend experiences.	Simple past statements with regular an irregular verbs; simple past yes/no questions and short answers.
UNIT 15	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHERE WERE YOU BORN	Asking for and giving information about date and place of birth; describing school experiences and memories. Listening for places and dates of birth. Writing questions about a famous person ́s life. “Ricky Martin”: Reading about a famous singer ́s life.	Statements and questions with the past of be; Wh-questions with did, was, and were.
UNIT 16	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
CAN SHE CALL YOU LATER	Describing people ́s message; making phonecalls; leaving phone messages; making, accepting and declining invitations; making excuses. Listening to phone conversations; listening to answering machine messages. Writing messages. “Miami, Florida: what ́s on This Saturday?” Reading about shows and events on a Web page.	Prepositional phrases; subject and object pronouns; invitations with do you want to … ? And would you like to …? ; verb + to

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - BÁSICO A2.1

UNIT 1	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
PLEASE CALL ME BETH	Introducing yourself; introducing someone; checking information; exchanging personal information; saying hello and good-bye. Listening for names and countries. Writing questions requesting personal information. “What’s in a Name?” : Reading about popular names.	Wh-questions and statements with be; questions: what, where, who, and how; yes/no questions and short answers whith be; subject pronouns; possessive adjectives
UNIT 2	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
HOW DO YOU SPEND YOUR DAY	Describing work and school; asking for and giving opinions; describing daily schedules. Listening to descriptions of jobs and daily shedules. Writing a biography of a classmate. “Why Do you Need a Job” Reading about people who need jobs	Simple present Wh-questions and statements; question: when; time expressions: at, in,on, around, early, late, until, before, and after.
UNIT 3	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
HOW MUCH IS IT?	Talking about prices; giving opinions ; discussing preferences; making comparisons; buying and Listening to people shopping; listening for items, prices, and opinions. writing a comparison od prices in different countries. “The World’s Online Marketplace eBay!”: Reading about online shopping.	demonstratives: this, that, these, those; one and ones; questions: how much and which; comparisons with adjectives.
UNIT 4	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
DO YOU LIKE RAP?	talking about likes and dislikes; giving opinions; making invitations and excuses. identifying musical styles; listening for likes and dislikes. writing a text message. “christina aguilera”: reading about a famous entertainer.	yes/no and wh-questions whit do; question: what kind; object pronouns; modal verb would; verb+to+verb.
UNIT 5	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FAMILY	talking about families and family members; exchanging information about the present; decribing family life. Listening for family relationships. Writing an e-mil about family. “The Changing Family”: reading about an american family.	present continuous yes/no and wh-questions, statements, and short answers; quantifiers: all, nearly all, most, many, a lot of, some, not many, a few, and few; pronoun: no one
UNIT 6	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
HOW OFTEN DO YOU EXERCISE	asking about and describing routines and excercise; talking about frequency; discussing sports and athletes; talking about abilities. listening to people talking about free-time activities; listening to descriptions of sports participation. writing about favorite activities. ” health and fitness quiz” reading about and taking a quiz.	adverbs of frequency: always, almost always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, almost never, and never; questions: how often, how long, how well, and how good; short answers.
UNIT 7	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WE HAD A GREAT TIME	talking about past events; giving opinions about past experiences; talking about vacations. listening to descriptions and opinions of past events and vacations. writing a postcar. “vacation postcards”: reading about different kinds of vacations	simple past yes/ no and wh- questions, statements, and short answers with regular and irregular verbs; past of be.
UNIT 8	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ́S YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD LIKE?	Asking about and describing locations of places; asking about and describing neighborhood; asking about quantities. Listening for locations and descriptions of places. writing a roommate wanted ad. “the world in one neighborhood” reading about a new york city neighborhood.	there is/there are; one, any, and some; prepositions of place; quantifiers; questions: how many and how much; count and noncount nouns.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - BÁSICO A2.2

UNIT 9	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT DOES SHE LOOK LIKE?	Asking about and describing people’s appearance; identifying people. Listening to descriptions of people; identifying people. Writing an e-mail describing people. “Hip-Hop Style”: Reading about clothing styles.	Questions for describing people: what….. Look like, how old, how tall, how long, and what color; modifiers with participles and prepositions.
UNIT 10	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
HAVE YOU EVER RIDDEN A CAMEL?	Describing past experiences; exchanging information about past experiences and events. Listening to descriptions of events. Writing a letter to an old friend. “taking the Risk”: Reading about unusual or dangerous sports.	present perfect yes/no and Wh-questions, statements, and short answers with regular and irregular past participles; already and yet; present perfect vs. Simple past; for and since.
UNIT 11	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
IT ́S A VERY EXCITING PLACE!	Asking about and describing cities; asking for and giving suggestions; talking about travel and tourism. Listening to descriptions of cities and hometowns; listening for incorrect information. Writing a magazine article. “Greetings from…….”Reading about famous cities.	Adverbs before adjectives; conjunctions: and, but, though, and however; modal verbs can and should.
UNIT 12	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
IT REALLY WORKS!	Talking about health problems; asking for and giving advice; making requests; asking for and giving suggestions. Listening to health problems and advice. Writing a letter to an advice columnist. “Rain Forest Remedies”: Reading about natural products as medicine.	Infinitive complements; modal verb should for suggestions; modal verbs can, could, and may for requests.
UNIT 13	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
MAY I TAKE YOUR ORDER?	Expressing likes and dislikes; agreeing and disagreeing; ordering a meal. Listening to restaurant orders. Writing a restaurant review. “To Tip or Not to Tip”: Reading about tipping customs.	So, too, neither, and either; modal verbs would and will for requests.
UNIT 14	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THE BIGGEST AND THE BEST!	Describing countries; making comparisons; expressing opinions; talking about distances and measurements. Listening to a TV game show. Writing an articicle about a country. “Things You Can Do to Help the Environment “: Reading about the environment.	comparative and superlative forms of adjectives; questions: how far, how big, how high, how deep, how long, how hot, and how cold.
UNIT 15	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
I ́M GOING TO A SOCCER MATCH	Talking about plans; making invitations; accepting and refusing invitations; giving reasons; taking and leaving messages. Listening to telephone messages. Writing unusual favors. “Cell Phone Etiquette”: Reading about cell phone manners.	Future with present continuous and be going to; messages with tell and ask.
UNIT 16	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER!	Exchanging personal information; describing changes; talking about plans for the future. Listening to descriptions of changes. Writing a proposal for a class party. priorities.	Describing changes with the present tense, the past tense, the present perfect, and the comparative; verb + infinitive.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - PRE-INTERMEDIO B1.1

UNIT 1	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
A TIME TO REMEMBER	Introducing yourself; talking about yourself: exchanging personal information; remembering your childhood: asking about someone’s childdhood. Listening to peope talk abouth their past. Writing a paragraph about your childhood. “Nicole Kidman: New Hollywood Royalty”: Reading about an actress ́career.	past tense; used to for habitual actions.
UNIT 2	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
CAUGHT IN THE RUSH	Talking about transportation and transportation problems; evaluating city services: asking for and giving information. Listening to a description of a transportation system. Writing a letter to the editor. “New ways of getting around”: Reading about new inventions.	Adverbs of quantity with count and noncount nouns: too many, too much, fewer, less, more, not enoug; indirect questions from Wh-questions.
UNIT 3	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
TIME FOR A CHANGE!	Describing positive and negative features; making comparisons; talking about lifestyle changes; expressing wishes. Listening to people talk about capsule hotels. Writing an e-mail describing an apartment. “Break those bad habits”: Reading about ways to end bad habits.	Evaluations and comparisons with adjectives: not… enough, too, (not) as… as; evaluations and comparisons with nouns: not enough…, too much/many… (not) as much/many… as; wish.
UNIT 4	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
I ́VE NEVER HEARD OF THAT!	talking about food; expressing likes and dislikes; describing a favorire snack: giving instructions. Listening to descriptions of foods. writing a recipe. “Food and Food” reading about how food affectsthe way we feel.	simple past vs present perfect; sequence adverbs: first, then, next, after that, finally.
UNIT 5	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
GOING PLACES	describing vacation plans giving travel advice; planning a vacation. Listening to travel advice. Writing travel suggestions. “Getting Away From It All” Reading tips from an expert backpacker.	future with be going to and will; modals for necessity and suggestions: must, need to, (don’t) have to, better, ought to, should (not).
UNIT 6	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
OK. NO PROBLEM!	making requests; accepting and refusing requests; complaining; apologizing; giving excuses. Listening to results of a survey. Writing a set of guidelines. “Neighbor vs Neighbor”: reading about ways to deal with neighbors.	two-part verbs; will for responding to requests; requests with modals and would you mind . . . ?
UNIT 7	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ́S THIS FOR?	Describing technology; giving instructions; giving suggestions. Listening to a radio program; listening to people give advice. Writing a note giving instructions. “A Day in Your Life – in the Year 2020” reading abouth life in the future.	infinitives and gerunds for uses and purposes; imperatives for givingsuggestions.
UNIT 8	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
LET ́S CELEBRATE!	describing holidays, festivals, customs, and special events. Listening to a description of carnaval. Writing a travel guide. “Unique customs”: Reading about holidays and unusual customs.	relative clauses of time; adverbial clauses of time: when, after, before.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - PRE-INTERMEDIO B1.2

UNIT 9	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
BACK TO THE FUTURE	talking about change; comparing time periods; describing possiblities. Listening to people talk about changes. Writing a description of a person. “Are You in Love” reading about the signs of being in love.	Time contrasts; conditional sentences with if clauses.
UNIT 10	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
I DON ́T LIKE WORKING ON WEEKENDS!	Describing abilities and skills; talking about job preferences; describing personality traits. Listening to people talk about their job preferences. Writing a cover letter for a job application. “Find the Job That ́s Right for You”: Reading about how to find the perfect job.	gerunds; short responses: clauses wth because.
UNIT 11	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
IT ́S REALLY WORTH SEEING!	Talking about landmarks and monuments; describing countries; discussing facts. Listening to descriptions of monuments; listening for information about a country. writing a guidebook intoduction. “A Guide to unusual museums”: Reading about interesting museums.	passive with by (simple past); passive without by (simple present).
UNIT 12	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU!	Asking about someone ́s past; describing recent experiences. Listening to people talk about recent experiences. Writing a short story. “Child Prodigies”: Reading about gifted children.	Past continuous vs simple past; present perfect continuous.
UNIT 13	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
GOOD BOOK, TERRIBLE MOVIE!	Describing movies and books; talking about actors and actresses; asking for and giving reactions and opinions.Listening for opinions; listening to a movie review. Writing a movie review. “The magic of potter”: Reading about proverbs.	participles as adjectives; relative clauses.
UNIT 14	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
“SO THAT ́S WHAT IT MEANS!”	“Interpreting body language; explaining gestures and meanings; describing emotions; asking about signs and meanings. Listening to people talk about the meanings of signs. Writing a list of rules.” “Pearls of Wisdom” “: Reading about proverbs.”	“Modals and adverbs: might, may, could, must, maybe, perhaps,possibly, probably, definitely; permission, obligation, and prohibition.”
UNIT 15	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?	Speculating about past and future events; describing a predicament; giving advice and suggestions. Listening to people talk about predicaments; listening to a radio talk show. Writing a letter to an advice columnist. “Ask Amy”: Reading an advice column.	Unreal conditional sentences with if clauses; past modals.
UNIT 16	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ́S YOUR EXCUSE?	Reporting what people say; making requests; making invitations and excuses. Listening for excuses; listening to voice mail messages. Writing a voice mail message. “The Truth About Lying”: Reading about “white lies”	Reported speech: requests; reported speech: statements.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - INTERMEDIO B2.1

UNIT 1	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THAT ́S WHAT FRIENDS ARE FOR!	Describing personalities; expressing likes and dislikes; agreeing and disagreeing; complaining. Listening for opinions; listening for descriptions of people. Writing a description of a best friend. “You Have to Have Friends” reading about making and keeping friends	Relative pronouns as subjects and objects; clauses with it + adverbial clauses with when.
UNIT 2	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
CAREER MOVES	Talking about unusual careers; describing jobs: discussing the pros and cons of jobs. Listening to descriptions of summer jobs; listening for likes and dislikes. Writing about career advantages and disadvantages. “Strategies for Keeping Your Job”: Reading advice about behavior in the workplace.	gerund phrases as subjects and objects; comparisons with adjectives, verbs, nouns, and past participles.
UNIT 3	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
COULD YOU DO ME A FAVOR?	making unusual requests; making indirect requests; accepting and declining requests. Listening to people making, accepting, and declining requests. Writting an informal e-mail request. “Yes or No?”: Reading about the way people in different cultures respond “yes” and “no”	Request with modals, if clauses and gerunds; indirect requests.
UNIT 4	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT A STORY!	Narrating a story; describing events in the past. Listening to news broadcasts; listening to a narrative about a past event. Writing a newspaper article. “Strange but True”: Readning tabloid articles about sensational events.	Past continuous vs. Simple past; past perfect.
UNIT 5	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
CROSSING CULTURES	Talking about moving abroad; expressing emotions; describing cultural expectations; giving advice. Listening for information about living abroad; listening for opinions about customs. Writing a tourist pamphlet. “Culture Shock”: Reading journal entries about moving to another country.	noun phrases containing relative clauses; expetations: the custom to, (not) supposed to, expected to, (not) acceptable to.
UNIT 6	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
WHAT ́S WRONG WITH IT?	Describing problems; making complaints; explaining something that needs to be done. Listening to people exchange things in a store; listening to complaints; listening to repair people describe their jobs. Writing a letter of complaint.”Trading Spaces”: Reading about a TV show in which participants redecorate other people’s rooms.	describing problems with past participles as adjetives and withnouns; describing problems with keep + gerund , need + gerund , and need + passive infinitive.
UNIT 7	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THE WORLD WE LIVE IN	Identifying and describing problems; coming up with solutions. Listening to environmental problems: listening for solutions. Writing a letter to the editor.”The Threat to Kiribati”: Reading about anisland that is sinking into the ocean.	Passive in the present continuous and present perfect; prepositions of cause; infinitive clauses and phrases.
UNIT 8	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
LIFELONG LEARNING	Asking about preferences; discussing pros and cons of diferent college majors; talking about learning methods; talking about personal qualities. Listening to descriptions of courses; listening for additional information. Writing a short speech.”Learning Styles”: Reading about different kinds of learning.	Would rather and would prefer ; by + gerund to describe how to do things.

ESTRUCTURA CURRICULAR - INTERMEDIO B2.2

UNIT 9	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
AT YOUR SERVICE	Talking about things you need to have done; asking for and giving advice or suggestions. Listening to suggestions for self-improvement. Writing a letter of advice. “Improve Your Memory, Improve Your Life”: Reading about techniques to improve memory.	Have or get something done (active and passive); making suggestions with gerunds, infinitives, modals + verbs, and negative questions.
UNIT 10	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THE PAST AND THE FUTURE	Talking about the future; talking about things to be accomplished in the future. Listening for opinions about public figures; listening to predictions. Writing a biography. “The Global Village”: Reading about political and technological changes that bring people closer together.	Referring to time in the past with abverbs and prepositions; during, in, ago, from… to, for since ; predicting the future with will, future continuous, and future perfect.
UNIT 11	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
LIFE ́S LITTLE LESSONS	Describing rites of passage; describing turning points; describing regrets and hypothetical situations. Listening to descriptions of important events; listening to regrets and explanations. Writing a letter of apology. “If You Could Do It All Again”: Reading about people ́s life choices and regrets.	Time clauses; before, after, once, the moment, as soon as, until, by the time; describing regrets and hypothetical situations with should not have + past participle and if clauses + past perfect.
UNIT 12	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THE RIGHT STUFF	Describing qualities for success; describing featues; giving reasons for success; interviewing for a job; talking about ads and slogans. Listening for features and slogans. Writing a TV commercial. “The Wrong Stuff”: Reading about advertising failures.	Describing purpose with infinitive clauses and infinitive clauses with for; giving reasons with because, since,because of, for, due to, and the reason.
UNIT 13	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THAT ́S A POSSIBILITY	Making conclusions: offering explanations; describing hypothetical events; giving advice for predicaments. Listening to explanations; listening for the best solution. writing about a predicament. “The Blue Lights of Silver Cliff”: Reading a story about an unexplained phenomenon.	past modals for degrees of certainty: must (not) have, may (not)have, could not have ; past modals for opinions and advice; should (not) have, could (not) have, would (not) have.
UNIT 14	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
BEHIND THE SCENES	Describing how something is done or made; describing careers in the media. Listening to a producer describe his work; listening for personality traits. Writing about a process. “Hooray for Bollywood”: Readning about the kind of movies made in india.	The passive to describe process with is/are + past participle an modal + be + past participle; defining and nondefining relative clauses.
UNIT 15	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
THERE SHOULD BE A LAW!	Giving opinions for and against controversial issues; offering a different opinion; agreeing and disagreeing. Listening for solutions to everyday annoyances; listening to issues and opinions. Writing a letter to a community leader. “How Seriuos Is Plagiarism?”: Reading about plagiarism and people ́s opinions about its severity.	Giving recommendations and opinions with passive modals; should be, ought to be, must be, has to be, got to be ; Tag questions for opinions.
UNIT 16	FUNCTIONAL	NOTIONAL
CHALLENGES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS	Describing challenges, frustations, and rewards; discussing traits needed fot meeting challenges; talking about the past and the future. Listening to challenges and rewards of people’s work; listening for people’s goals for the future. Writing a personal statemenr for an application. “Young and Gifted”: Reading about exceptionally gifted young people.	Complex noun phrases containing gerunds; accomplishments with the present perfect and simple past; goals with the future perfect and would like to have + past participle.